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Skin condition

Acne: causes, symptoms and treatment

Acne is a common skin condition that causes pimples, blackheads and whiteheads, usually on the face, back and chest. It is caused by clogged hair follicles, excess oil and bacteria, and is most common in teenagers and young adults. Most acne can be treated with topical medicines; persistent or severe acne should be assessed by a dermatologist.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Meera Shah, MD (Dermatology) Last updated 12 May 2026

Symptoms of acne

  • Whiteheads (closed plugged pores)
  • Blackheads (open plugged pores)
  • Small red, tender bumps (papules)
  • Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips
  • Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (nodules)
  • Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin (cystic lesions)

What causes acne

Four main factors cause acne:

  • Excess oil (sebum) production
  • Hair follicles clogged by oil and dead skin cells
  • Bacteria
  • Inflammation

How to treat acne

Treatment depends on how severe your acne is. It can take several months of treatment before acne symptoms improve.

Always consult a doctor before starting oral acne medication.

When should you see a dermatologist?

If acne is severe, painful, or leaving scars, see a dermatologist.
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Medicines & products for acne

Benzoyl peroxide gel

Benzoyl peroxide gel

Reduces acne-causing bacteria

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Frequently asked questions

Can acne go away on its own?

Mild acne may settle with gentle skin care, but persistent, painful, or scarring acne should be reviewed by a dermatologist.

Should I pop pimples?

Avoid squeezing pimples. It can worsen inflammation, increase infection risk, and raise the chance of marks or scars.

How long does acne treatment take?

Most acne treatments need 8 to 12 weeks of consistent use before clear improvement is visible.

Content is for information only and not a substitute for professional medical advice.